Sunday, July 29, 2012
Friday, July 27, 2012
Thursday, July 26, 2012
solar charger for 6v battery
solar charger for 6v battery : This is a solar charger based on LM317 regulator IC. The charger is similar to the 6V charger project but made simpler. When battery has reached is full charge voltage (Bat voltage is higher than VDz + 0.7), the charger automatically cuts the charging to protect the battery form damage. The led light will indicate the full charge state in the battery. This charger will work only when the voltage from the solar panel is much higher than the battery voltage, unlike the solar charger with regulator and controller that can charge regardless the solar voltage.
Part List:
Solar - 12V solar cells array
C1 - 470uF electrolytic capacitor rated 25V
D1, D2 - 1N5400 or any rectifier diode rated 2A minimum
Dz - 1N5235B or any 6.8V zener diode
R1 - 3 kilo ohms 1/4W
R2 - 330 ohms 1/4W
R3 - 560 ohms 1/4W
R4 - 2 kilo ohms 1/4W
LED -3mm or 5mm Red or any low power LED
Q1 - 2N2222, CS9013, or similar NPN transistor
Bat - 6V lead acid battery
Note: You can convert the charger into 12V by replacing the solar panel with higher voltage ; zener diode DZ; and values of R2 and R1.
 |
| charger schematic diagram |
Solar - 12V solar cells array
C1 - 470uF electrolytic capacitor rated 25V
D1, D2 - 1N5400 or any rectifier diode rated 2A minimum
Dz - 1N5235B or any 6.8V zener diode
R1 - 3 kilo ohms 1/4W
R2 - 330 ohms 1/4W
R3 - 560 ohms 1/4W
R4 - 2 kilo ohms 1/4W
LED -3mm or 5mm Red or any low power LED
Q1 - 2N2222, CS9013, or similar NPN transistor
Bat - 6V lead acid battery
 |
| LM317 pins |
 |
| 2N2222, CS9013 pins |
Note: You can convert the charger into 12V by replacing the solar panel with higher voltage ; zener diode DZ; and values of R2 and R1.
Read more at http://www.simple-electronics.com/2011/10/solar-charger-for-6v-battery.html#IBHb0HUpkymisT4v.99
placement paper birla
BIRLASOFT PLACEMENT PAPERS
1 With every use of memory allocation function should be used to release allocated memory which is
no longer needed ?
a) dropmem()
b) dealloc()
c) release()
d) free()
2 Which one of the following statements allocates enough space to hold an array of 10 integers that are
initialized to 0 ?
a) int *ptr = (int *) calloc(10,sizeof(int));
b) int *ptr = (int *) alloc( 10*sizeof(int));
c) int *ptr = (int *) malloc( 10*sizeof(int));
d) int *ptr = (int *)calloc(10*sizeof(in...
3 Which one of the following statements allocates enough space to hold an array of 10 integers that are
initialized to 0 ?
a) int *ptr = (int *) calloc(10,sizeof(int));
b) int *ptr = (int *) alloc( 10*sizeof(int));
c) int *ptr = (int *) malloc( 10*sizeof(int));
d) int *ptr = (int *)calloc(10*sizeof(in...
4 Which one of the following represents a correct and safe declaration of NULL ?
a) typedef((void *)0) NULL;
b) typedef NULL(char *)0;
c) #define NULL((void *)0)
d) #define NULL((char*)0)
5 Which one of the following represents a correct and safe declaration of NULL ?
a) typedef((void *)0) NULL;
b) typedef NULL(char *)0;
c) #define NULL((void *)0)
d) #define NULL((char*)0)
6 Which of the following statements is true when a derivation inherits both a virtual and non-virtual
instance of a base class ?
a) Each derived class object has base objects only from the non virtual instance
b) Each base class object has derived objects only from the non-virtual instance
c) Each derived...
7 Which of the following best explains life cycle of Defect ?
a) Defect Found -> Defect Logged -> Defect Debugged -> Defect Closed -> Defect Rechecked
b) Defect Found -> Defect Debugged -> Defect Reported -> Defect Rechecked ...
8 Which is not the characteristic of a view ?
a) Consumes Disk space for data
b) Multiple tables
c) Multiple rows
d) Updateable
9 Which group does Winrunner, Load Runner, SQA Suite fall under ?
a) Databases
b) Automated Test Tools
c) Operating Systems
d) Rapid Application Development Tool
10 What relationship is resolved by an “intersecting” or “associative” entity ?
a) Recursive
b) Mandatory one to one
c) Many to Many
d) One to One
11 What is the largest value an integer can hold in a Standard C compiler ?
a) 32767
b) 65536
c) 2147483647
d) INT_MAX
12 What function will read a specified number of elements from a file ?
a) fread()
b) readfile()
c) fileread()
d) gets()
13 RDBMS triggers are typically bound to a _____________and one or more _____________
a) Table, SQL statement types
b) SQL statement type, user
c) Column, rows
d) User, tables
14 process id of kernel
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) none
15 Modern RDBMS perform the following the following function except ___________.
a) Force column values in one table to match any of the values in a column of another table
b) Automatically replicate data on another server
c) Automatically create new indexes base...
16 Make a copy of file “upper” in the directory two levels up .
a) jump -2 upper
b) cp upper ../..
c) cp upper -2/
d) None of the above
17 kernel executes the first process when system starts
ans :- init();
18 int a=1;
int ab=4;
int main()
{ int b=3,a=2;
printf("%i*/%i*/%*/i",a,b,ab);
}
What will be the output?
19 i = 0;
j = 0;
for(j=1;j<10;j++)
i=i+1;
In the (generic) code segment above what will be the value of the variable i at completion ?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) 9
20 class Word
{
public:
Word(const char*, int = 0);
};
Referring to the sample code above what is the minimum number of arguments required to call the
constructor ...
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
21 class professor{}
class teacher: public virtual professor{};
class researcher: public virtual professor {}
class myprofessor :public teacher, public researcher {};
Ref...
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
22 What is the function of the modulus operator in most languages ?
a) Sets a system environmental value to either base 10, base 8 or base 16
b) Returns the remainder after dividing one number by another
c) Returns the first argument raised to the se...
23 #include <iostraem>
Referring to the sample code above ,which of the following could you use to make the standards I/O
Stream classes accessible without requiring the scope ...
a) using namespace std::iostream
b) using namespace std;
c) using namespace iostream ;
d) using iostream;
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